In this study, neuroscience theories and prior studies that can help improve attention in art therapy for children with intellectual disabilities were reviewed. The brain and attention concentration characteristics of children with intellectual disabilities were first examined, and neuroscientific data related to dots, lines, faces, and colors, which are reductionist elements of art, were searched. Although the pathological causes of children with intellectual disabilities are very diverse, they generally have a short attention span in common, and these difficulties make it difficult not only for art therapy but also for learning. The results of exploring neuroscientific research related to art are as follows. First, the primary visual cortex is specialized for a line at a specific angle and has an azimuth selectivity in which the response increases, which has a primitive and intuitive shape mechanism. Second, face patch developed along the lower parietal lobe is an area that has excellent response power to a human caricatured face and can expect long-term attention. Third, it was studied that color also affects the waves of brain waves and is involved in emotions. The results of this study can be suggested as one of the measures to increase the attention of children with intellectual disabilities by fusion of art and neuroscience, and can help plan and organize art therapy programs.